Neuroimaging Clinics
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 429-482, August 2011

Midline Congenital Malformations of the Brain and Skull

  • Sara Nuñez, MD

      Affiliations

    • Colombia University Clinic, International Sanitas Organization, Avenida de la Esperanza, calle 68 Bogotá, Colombia
    • Neuroradiology Section, Country Clinic, carrera 16 a No 82-37, Bogotá, Colombia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Radiology and Diagnosis Imaging department, Colsanitas University Clinic Colombia, Calle 23 No. 66-46, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
    • ,
  • Maria T. Mantilla, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Reina Sofia Clinic, International Sanitas Organization, Colsanitas University Clinic “Reina Sofía”, Carrera 31 No. 125a-23, Bogotá, Colombia
    • ,
  • Sonia Bermúdez, MD

      Affiliations

    • University El Bosque, Carrera 7 B Bis No. 132 - 11 - Bogotá D.C., Bogotá, 110121, Colombia
    • Neuroradiology Section, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Calle 119 # 7-75 third floor, Bogotá DC, Colombia

Considering the complexity of congenital midline abnormalities of the brain, it is mandatory to review and summarize the subject, based on embryologic development, developmental biology, clinical approach, neuroimaging, and molecular genetics. There are still several areas of poor knowledge, confusion, and controversy. Pathogenesis in some cases is not clearly understood, and definitions and limits among different diseases are not apparent. This article reviews several malformations of the skull and brain with the aims of making image interpretation easier, enabling an accurate diagnosis, establishing the prognosis, and aiding in genetic counseling.

Keywords: Congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Encephalocele, Corpus callosum, Holoprosencephaly, Central nervous system cysts, Dandy-Walker syndrome, Rhombencephalon, Magnetic resonance imaging

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 The authors have nothing to disclose and there are not conflicts of interest.

PII: S1052-5149(11)00060-8

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2011.05.001

Neuroimaging Clinics
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 429-482, August 2011

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