Review Article| Volume 30, ISSUE 1, P85-95, February 2020

Download started.

Ok

Widespread Morphometric Abnormalities in Major Depression

Neuroplasticity and Potential for Biomarker Development
  • Cynthia H.Y. Fu
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author. School of Psychology, University of East London, Arthur Edwards Building, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK.
    Affiliations
    School of Psychology, University of East London, Arthur Edwards Building, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK

    Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
    Search for articles by this author
  • Yong Fan
    Affiliations
    Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Christos Davatzikos
    Affiliations
    Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Search for articles by this author
Published:November 07, 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2019.09.008

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Neuroimaging Clinics
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Kessler R.C.
        • Bromet E.J.
        The epidemiology of depression across cultures.
        Annu Rev Public Health. 2013; 34: 119-138
        • Whiteford H.A.
        • Degenhardt L.
        • Rehm J.
        • et al.
        Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
        Lancet. 2013; 382: 1575-1586
        • American Psychiatric Association
        Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
        5th edition. 2013 (Available at:) (Accessed April 10, 2019)
      1. World Health Organization International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th revision, 2nd edition. World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland)2004
        • Rush A.J.
        • Trivedi M.H.
        • Wisniewski S.R.
        • et al.
        Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report.
        Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163: 1905-1917
        • Eaton W.W.
        • Shao H.
        • Nestadt G.
        • et al.
        Population-based study of first onset and chronicity in major depressive disorder.
        Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65: 513
        • Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium
        A mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for major depressive disorder.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2013; 18: 497-511
        • Howard D.M.
        • Adams M.J.
        • Clarke T.-K.
        • et al.
        Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions.
        Nat Neurosci. 2019; 22: 343-352
        • Andersson E.
        • Crowley J.J.
        • Lindefors N.
        • et al.
        Genetics of response to cognitive behavior therapy in adults with major depression: a preliminary report.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2019; 24: 484-490
        • Wigmore E.M.
        • Hafferty J.D.
        • Hall L.S.
        • et al.
        Genome-wide association study of antidepressant treatment resistance in a population-based cohort using health service prescription data and meta-analysis with GENDEP.
        Pharmacogenomics J. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41397-019-0067-3
        • Papez J.W.
        A proposed mechanism of emotion.
        Arch Neur Psych. 1937; 38: 725-743
        • Aggleton J.P.
        • Brown M.W.
        Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis.
        Behav Brain Sci. 1999; 22 ([discussion: 444–89]): 425-444
        • Maclean P.D.
        Some psychiatric implications of physiological studies on frontotemporal portion of limbic system (visceral brain).
        Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1952; 4: 407-418
        • Heimer L.
        • Van Hoesen G.W.
        The limbic lobe and its output channels: implications for emotional functions and adaptive behavior.
        Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006; 30: 126-147
        • Schmaal L.
        • Hibar D.P.
        • Sämann P.G.
        • et al.
        Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2017; 22: 900-909
        • Atkinson L.
        • Sankar A.
        • Adams T.M.
        • et al.
        Recent advances in neuroimaging of mood disorders: structural and functional neural correlates of depression, changes with therapy, and potential for clinical biomarkers.
        Curr Treat Options Psychiatry. 2014; 1: 278-293
        • Arnone D.
        • Job D.
        • Selvaraj S.
        • et al.
        Computational meta-analysis of statistical parametric maps in major depression: computational meta-analysis of parametric maps in major depression.
        Hum Brain Mapp. 2016; 37: 1393-1404
        • Schmaal L.
        • Veltman D.J.
        • van Erp T.G.M.
        • et al.
        Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2016; 21: 806-812
        • Wise T.
        • Radua J.
        • Via E.
        • et al.
        Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2017; 22: 1455-1463
        • Cole J.
        • Costafreda S.G.
        • McGuffin P.
        • et al.
        Hippocampal atrophy in first episode depression: a meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies.
        J Affect Disord. 2011; 134: 483-487
        • Wang W.
        • Zhao Y.
        • Hu X.
        • et al.
        Conjoint and dissociated structural and functional abnormalities in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis.
        Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 10401
        • Boldrini M.
        • Santiago A.N.
        • Hen R.
        • et al.
        Hippocampal granule neuron number and dentate gyrus volume in antidepressant-treated and untreated major depression.
        Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 38: 1068-1077
        • Rajkowska G.
        • Miguel-Hidalgo J.J.
        • Wei J.
        • et al.
        Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression.
        Biol Psychiatry. 1999; 45: 1085-1098
        • Ongür D.
        • Drevets W.C.
        • Price J.L.
        Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95: 13290-13295
        • Panizzon M.S.
        • Fennema-Notestine C.
        • Eyler L.T.
        • et al.
        Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness.
        Cereb Cortex. 2009; 19: 2728-2735
        • Im K.
        • Lee J.-M.
        • Lyttelton O.
        • et al.
        Brain size and cortical structure in the adult human brain.
        Cereb Cortex. 2008; 18: 2181-2191
        • Tang Y.
        • Wang F.
        • Xie G.
        • et al.
        Reduced ventral anterior cingulate and amygdala volumes in medication-naïve females with major depressive disorder: a voxel-based morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study.
        Psychiatry Res. 2007; 156: 83-86
        • Yucel K.
        • McKinnon M.C.
        • Chahal R.
        • et al.
        Anterior cingulate volumes in never-treated patients with major depressive disorder.
        Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008; 33: 3157-3163
        • Hamilton J.P.
        • Siemer M.
        • Gotlib I.H.
        Amygdala volume in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2008; 13: 993-1000
        • Paus T.
        Primate anterior cingulate cortex: where motor control, drive and cognition interface.
        Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001; 2: 417-424
        • Banks S.J.
        • Eddy K.T.
        • Angstadt M.
        • et al.
        Amygdala-frontal connectivity during emotion regulation.
        Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2007; 2: 303-312
        • Costafreda S.G.
        • McCann P.
        • Saker P.
        • et al.
        Modulation of amygdala response and connectivity in depression by serotonin transporter polymorphism and diagnosis.
        J Affect Disord. 2013; 150: 96-103
        • Sheline Y.I.
        • Wang P.W.
        • Gado M.H.
        • et al.
        Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93: 3908-3913
        • Sheline Y.I.
        • Sanghavi M.
        • Mintun M.A.
        • et al.
        Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression.
        J Neurosci. 1999; 19: 5034-5043
        • MacQueen G.M.
        • Campbell S.
        • McEwen B.S.
        • et al.
        Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100: 1387-1392
        • Chen M.C.
        • Hamilton J.P.
        • Gotlib I.H.
        Decreased hippocampal volume in healthy girls at risk of depression.
        Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010; 67: 270
        • MacMaster F.P.
        • Kusumakar V.
        Hippocampal volume in early onset depression.
        BMC Med. 2004; 2: 2
        • Whittle S.
        • Lichter R.
        • Dennison M.
        • et al.
        Structural brain development and depression onset during adolescence: a prospective longitudinal study.
        Am J Psychiatry. 2014; 171: 564-571
        • Pujol N.
        • Penadés R.
        • Junqué C.
        • et al.
        Hippocampal abnormalities and age in chronic schizophrenia: morphometric study across the adult lifespan.
        Br J Psychiatry. 2014; 205: 369-375
        • Han K.-M.
        • Kim A.
        • Kang W.
        • et al.
        Hippocampal subfield volumes in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
        Eur Psychiatry. 2019; 57: 70-77
        • Narr K.L.
        • Thompson P.M.
        • Szeszko P.
        • et al.
        Regional specificity of hippocampal volume reductions in first-episode schizophrenia.
        Neuroimage. 2004; 21: 1563-1575
        • Treadway M.T.
        • Waskom M.L.
        • Dillon D.G.
        • et al.
        Illness progression, recent stress, and morphometry of hippocampal subfields and medial prefrontal cortex in major depression.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2015; 77: 285-294
        • Cao B.
        • Passos I.C.
        • Mwangi B.
        • et al.
        Hippocampal subfield volumes in mood disorders.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2017; 22: 1352-1358
        • Haukvik U.K.
        • Westlye L.T.
        • Mørch-Johnsen L.
        • et al.
        In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2015; 77: 581-588
        • Cole J.
        • Toga A.W.
        • Hojatkashani C.
        • et al.
        Subregional hippocampal deformations in major depressive disorder.
        J Affect Disord. 2010; 126: 272-277
        • Doolin K.
        • Allers K.A.
        • Pleiner S.
        • et al.
        Altered tryptophan catabolite concentrations in major depressive disorder and associated changes in hippocampal subfield volumes.
        Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018; 95: 8-17
        • Ballmaier M.
        • Narr K.L.
        • Toga A.W.
        • et al.
        Hippocampal morphology and distinguishing late-onset from early-onset elderly depression.
        Am J Psychiatry. 2008; 165: 229-237
        • Fu C.H.Y.
        • Costafreda S.G.
        Neuroimaging-based biomarkers in psychiatry: clinical opportunities of a paradigm shift.
        Can J Psychiatry. 2013; 58: 499-508
        • Grosse L.
        • Ambrée O.
        • Jörgens S.
        • et al.
        Cytokine levels in major depression are related to childhood trauma but not to recent stressors.
        Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016; 73: 24-31
        • Danese A.
        • Moffitt T.E.
        • Pariante C.M.
        • et al.
        Elevated inflammation levels in depressed adults with a history of childhood maltreatment.
        Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65: 409-415
        • McEwen B.S.
        Stress and hippocampal plasticity.
        Annu Rev Neurosci. 1999; 22: 105-122
        • Herman J.P.
        Regulation of adrenocorticosteroid receptor mRNA expression in the central nervous system.
        Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1993; 13: 349-372
        • Radley J.J.
        • Arias C.M.
        • Sawchenko P.E.
        Regional differentiation of the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating adaptive responses to acute emotional stress.
        J Neurosci. 2006; 26: 12967-12976
        • Tavares R.F.
        • Corrêa F.M.A.
        • Resstel L.B.M.
        Opposite role of infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the tachycardiac response evoked by acute restraint stress in rats.
        J Neurosci Res. 2009; 87: 2601-2607
        • Critchley H.D.
        • Mathias C.J.
        • Josephs O.
        • et al.
        Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence.
        Brain. 2003; 126: 2139-2152
        • Radley J.J.
        • Williams B.
        • Sawchenko P.E.
        Noradrenergic innervation of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex modulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal responses to acute emotional stress.
        J Neurosci. 2008; 28: 5806-5816
        • Fu C.H.Y.
        • Reed L.J.
        • Meyer J.H.
        • et al.
        Noradrenergic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in depression: an [15O] H2O PET study of the neuromodulatory effects of clonidine.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 49: 317-325
        • Cowen P.J.
        • Browning M.
        What has serotonin to do with depression?.
        World Psychiatry. 2015; 14: 158-160
        • Rajkowska G.
        • Mahajan G.
        • Legutko B.
        • et al.
        Length of axons expressing the serotonin transporter in orbitofrontal cortex is lower with age in depression.
        Neuroscience. 2017; 359: 30-39
        • Veerakumar A.
        • Challis C.
        • Gupta P.
        • et al.
        Antidepressant-like effects of cortical deep brain stimulation coincide with pro-neuroplastic adaptations of serotonin systems.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2014; 76: 203-212
        • Arnone D.
        • McKie S.
        • Elliott R.
        • et al.
        State-dependent changes in hippocampal grey matter in depression.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2013; 18: 1265-1272
        • Fu C.H.
        • Costafreda S.G.
        • Sankar A.
        • et al.
        Multimodal functional and structural neuroimaging investigation of major depressive disorder following treatment with duloxetine.
        BMC Psychiatry. 2015; 15: 82
        • Bartlett E.A.
        • DeLorenzo C.
        • Sharma P.
        • et al.
        Pretreatment and early-treatment cortical thickness is associated with SSRI treatment response in major depressive disorder.
        Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018; 43: 2221-2230
        • Ohira K.
        • Takeuchi R.
        • Shoji H.
        • et al.
        Fluoxetine-induced cortical adult neurogenesis.
        Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013; 38: 909-920
        • Frodl T.S.
        • Koutsouleris N.
        • Bottlender R.
        • et al.
        Depression-related variation in brain morphology over 3 years: effects of stress?.
        Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65: 1156
        • Roddy D.W.
        • Farrell C.
        • Doolin K.
        • et al.
        The hippocampus in depression: more than the sum of its parts? Advanced hippocampal substructure segmentation in depression.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2019; 85: 487-497
        • Vythilingam M.
        • Heim C.
        • Newport J.
        • et al.
        Childhood trauma associated with smaller hippocampal volume in women with major depression.
        Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159: 2072-2080
        • Infurna M.R.
        • Reichl C.
        • Parzer P.
        • et al.
        Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: a meta-analysis.
        J Affect Disord. 2016; 190: 47-55
        • Teasdale J.D.
        Negative thinking in depression: cause, effect, or reciprocal relationship?.
        Adv Behav Res Ther. 1983; 5: 3-25
        • Watkins P.C.
        • Vache K.
        • Verney S.P.
        • et al.
        Unconscious mood-congruent memory bias in depression.
        J Abnorm Psychol. 1996; 105: 34-41
        • Groenewold N.A.
        • Opmeer E.M.
        • de Jonge P.
        • et al.
        Emotional valence modulates brain functional abnormalities in depression: evidence from a meta-analysis of fMRI studies.
        Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013; 37: 152-163
        • Mayberg H.S.
        Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression.
        J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997; 9: 471-481
        • Phillips M.L.
        • Drevets W.C.
        • Rauch S.L.
        • et al.
        Neurobiology of emotion perception II: implications for major psychiatric disorders.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2003; 54: 515-528
        • Arnone D.
        Functional MRI findings, pharmacological treatment in major depression and clinical response.
        Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019; 91: 28-37
        • Fu C.H.Y.
        • Williams S.C.R.
        • Cleare A.J.
        • et al.
        Attenuation of the neural response to sad faces in major depression by antidepressant treatment: a prospective, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
        Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004; 61: 877
        • Arnone D.
        • McKie S.
        • Elliott R.
        • et al.
        Increased amygdala responses to sad but not fearful faces in major depression: relation to mood state and pharmacological treatment.
        Am J Psychiatry. 2012; 169: 841-850
        • Fu C.H.Y.
        • Williams S.C.R.
        • Cleare A.J.
        • et al.
        Neural responses to sad facial expressions in major depression following cognitive behavioral therapy.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 64: 505-512
        • Sankar A.
        • Melin A.
        • Lorenzetti V.
        • et al.
        A systematic review and meta-analysis of the neural correlates of psychological therapies in major depression.
        Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018; 279: 31-39
        • Etkin A.
        • Egner T.
        • Kalisch R.
        Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex.
        Trends Cogn Sci. 2011; 15: 85-93
        • Gotlib I.H.
        • Joormann J.
        Cognition and depression: current status and future directions.
        Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010; 6: 285-312
        • Fu C.H.Y.
        • Steiner H.
        • Costafreda S.G.
        Predictive neural biomarkers of clinical response in depression: a meta-analysis of functional and structural neuroimaging studies of pharmacological and psychological therapies.
        Neurobiol Dis. 2013; 52: 75-83
        • Marwood L.
        • Wise T.
        • Perkins A.M.
        • et al.
        Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety.
        Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018; 95: 61-72
        • Costafreda S.G.
        • Brammer M.J.
        • David A.S.
        • et al.
        Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: a meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies.
        Brain Res Rev. 2008; 58: 57-70
        • Nouretdinov I.
        • Costafreda S.G.
        • Gammerman A.
        • et al.
        Machine learning classification with confidence: application of transductive conformal predictors to MRI-based diagnostic and prognostic markers in depression.
        Neuroimage. 2011; 56: 809-813
        • Fu C.H.Y.
        • Mourao-Miranda J.
        • Costafreda S.G.
        • et al.
        Pattern classification of sad facial processing: toward the development of neurobiological markers in depression.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 63: 656-662
        • Sankar A.
        • Zhang T.
        • Gaonkar B.
        • et al.
        Diagnostic potential of structural neuroimaging for depression from a multi-ethnic community sample.
        Br J Psych Open. 2016; 2: 247-254
        • Drysdale A.T.
        • Grosenick L.
        • Downar J.
        • et al.
        Resting-state connectivity biomarkers define neurophysiological subtypes of depression.
        Nat Med. 2017; 23: 28-38
        • Kim H.J.
        • Park J.-Y.
        • Seo S.W.
        • et al.
        Cortical atrophy pattern-based subtyping predicts prognosis of amnestic MCI: an individual-level analysis.
        Neurobiol Aging. 2019; 74: 38-45
        • Koutsouleris N.
        • Meisenzahl E.M.
        • Borgwardt S.
        • et al.
        Individualized differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and mood disorders using neuroanatomical biomarkers.
        Brain. 2015; 138: 2059-2073
        • Dong A.
        • Honnorat N.
        • Gaonkar B.
        • et al.
        CHIMERA: clustering of heterogeneous disease effects via distribution matching of imaging patterns.
        IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2016; 35: 612-621
        • Varol E.
        • Sotiras A.
        • Davatzikos C.
        • Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
        HYDRA: revealing heterogeneity of imaging and genetic patterns through a multiple max-margin discriminative analysis framework.
        Neuroimage. 2017; 145: 346-364
        • Dong A.
        • Toledo J.B.
        • Honnorat N.
        • et al.
        Heterogeneity of neuroanatomical patterns in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: links to cognition, progression and biomarkers.
        Brain. 2017; 140: 735-747
        • Davatzikos C.
        Quantifying anatomical and functional heterogeneity in big datasets, using machine learning methods towards a dimensional neuroimaging framework.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2018; 83: S14-S15
        • Kaczkurkin A.N.
        • Sotiras A.
        • Baller E.B.
        • et al.
        Neurostructural heterogeneity in youth with internalizing symptoms.
        Neuroscience. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1101/614438
        • Danhong W.
        • Meiling L.
        • Meiyun W.
        • et al.
        Individual-specific functional connectivity markers track dimensional and categorical features of psychotic illness.
        Mol Psychiatry. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0276-1
        • Huang X.
        • Gong Q.
        • Sweeney J.A.
        • et al.
        Progress in psychoradiology, the clinical application of psychiatric neuroimaging.
        Br J Radiol. 2019; 92: 20181000
        • Port J.D.
        Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using MR imaging and radiomics: a potential tool for clinicians.
        Radiology. 2018; 287: 631-632
        • Sun H.
        • Chen Y.
        • Huang Q.
        • et al.
        Psychoradiologic utility of MR imaging for diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a radiomics analysis.
        Radiology. 2018; 287: 620-630